Innovative trends in development of plasma technologies

Experimental data on the novel materials generated in fusion devices under conditions of high-temperature plasma loads is reviewed. In fusion devices, due to the interaction of turbulent plasma with the surface, the stochastic clustering occurs and the fractal structure forms on the plasma-facing surfaces. Such surfaces are characterized by an extremely high specific area and statistical self-similarity of the surface roughness. The generated fractal structures are nano-sized and the surface consists from pores and craters ranging in size from tens of nanometers to tens of micrometers. The occurrence of such structures can result in the appearance of additional properties of such a multiscale surface, in particular, the specific catalytic properties. Statistical characteristics of such material surface characterized by the hierarchical granularity and scale invariance qualitatively differ from those of the ordinary rough Brownian surface. This gives basis for development of innovative plasma technologies for the synthesis of new nanostructured materials with the required roughness and porosity for nuclear, chemical, hypersonic technologies, as well for biotechnologies and biomedical applications. (paper)