Quadrupole gamma superradiance

Quantum superradiance is a method to obtain powerful pulsed electromagnetic generation that is alternative to laser method. It was shown both theoretically and experimentally that the system of preliminary inverted atomic dipoles can undergo at certain conditions the self correlation transition to coherent state of macroscopic dipole and emit strong pulse of quanta with intensity proportional to the quantity of nuclei N. The Dicke superradiance (DSR) is a spontaneous, narrow-directional, coherent emission of quanta with the intensity which is proportional to N2, were N is the number of active radiators. Robert Dicke considered the superradiance on the electro-dipole transition. Here we will carry out the theoretical investigation of the possibility of the quadrupole superradiance (QSR), since the multipole transitions are very wide spread in the gamma range of spectrum. It is found that the peak intensity is proportional to the fourth power of the number of radiating nuclei in the case of macroscopic QSR and to the second power as that of dipole in the case of microscopic QSR. It appears that microscopic QSR has some advantages in comparison with dipole superradiance. Allowed dipole transition are very fast in gamma range and consequently is difficult to satisfy the cooperation length requirements. Instead, quadrupole transitions are much longer and these requirements can be easily satisfied