Mixed convection inside lid-driven cavities filled with nanofluids

The mixed convection phenomenon inside the enclosures included by moving wall has many applications in industries. This article presents a detailed review on the mixed convection phenomenon in various cavities with different shapes, boundary conditions and mainly nanofluid-filled which have practical applications. The mathematical formulation of the governing equations of mixed convection for fluid media is presented. Different trendy computation methods and related algorithms are obtained. The reported results by the researchers for fluid flow and heat transfer in different geometry configurations such as square, rectangular, triangular and trapezoidal and different governing parameters such as Rayleigh number, Hartmann number, Richardson number and solid volume fraction are presented comprehensively. Also, influences of physical boundary conditions such as moving walls, inclination angles and external magnetic force are discussed. The conventional and modern nanofluids used in mixed convection are introduced briefly. Today and mostly in the future, the importance of energy conversion is increasing due to the need of renewable energy. Due to practical role of mixed convection in different components of energy systems, suitable design of related components is important and may be accessible with having enough knowledge.