Cosmological perturbations in a universe with an elastic component

At first we present standard theory of formation, evolution and observational consequences of primordial cosmological perturbations. This theoretical part of this work is followed by the part in which we study evolution of cosmological perturbations in modified scenario, in a universe with a solid continuum. This continuum introduces usually not considered terms into the equations governing perturbations. Their effect on the evolution of perturbations is studied in the case of a one-component universe with constant ratio of the shear modulus of the continuum to its energy density. Due to this simplification analytical solutions can be found and analyzed; we focus mainly on perturbations above horizon. Finally we introduce a phase transition into the model, which extends the range of the applications of our work. (author)