Development of detector systems for CBM and SFRS at FAIR

The FAIR facility currently under construction at GSI Darmstadt, Germany, will comprise two large superconducting synchrotrons SIS100 and SIS300 which will provide high energy proton and heavy-ion beams for new experiments exploring the new borders in physics. Among them the CBM experiment which will explore the QCD phase diagram in high net-baryon densities and Super-FRS which will investigate the processes leading to the production of the elements. Beam intensities up to 109 will be provided, thus the common trigger latency is not sufficient and the self-triggered electronics has to be used to read-out detector systems of the experiments. The developed self-triggered n-XYTER electronics was tested under different conditions given by silicon sensor and gaseous detector. In both cases significant progress was achieved. Both detector systems were successfully tested in the laboratories and in beam conditions with results fulfilling the requirements given by the specific experiment. The transconductance calibration was of the electronics was made. The results of this calibration are also published in Nuclear Instruments and Methods A [3]. The heart of the Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment will comprise 8 silicon tracking stations (the Silicon Tracking System). In the thesis the optimized geometry of the tracking stations arranged in four duplets was simulated. Track reconstruction efficiencies of about 97% and 1.2% momentum resolution were obtained using UrQMD, GEANT3 and CbmRoot frameworks which demonstrated that created geometry fulfils the requirements given by the physics program of the CBM experiment. For quality assurance of the silicon sensors the main properties of the sensors were identified to simplify the decision process for the nal design and the mass-production. Laboratory tests were performed using laser setup and the radioactive source. During tests at Cooler Synchrotron in Juelich with 2.4 GeV/c proton beams the rst simple tracking hence also the spatial resolution of the tested sensors were determined. The rst prototype modules were tested in the GSI laboratory. Here the noise performance was studied so the threshold level was established for such system. The n-XYTER based electronics (GEMEX) was used also for the tests of the rst GEM TPC foreseen to be used as a high precision ion tracking detector in the Superconducting Fragment Separator at FAIR at beam intensities up to 107 particles per spill. Very rst tests were performed using 800 MeV/u ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ beam in FRS in GSI Darmstadt. The obtained spatial resolution in the x-coordinate was ≤200 μm for all three detectors under test (P2, P3 and P4). In case of P3 and P4, which were parts of the same chamber, also intrinsic resolution of each of them could be determined. The very good intrinsic spatial resolution in the x-coordinate ≤100 μm was obtained. For the y-coordinate resolution the P1 chamber with delay line read-out was used. The spatial resolution has been determined at ∼ 200 μm. The tracking efficiency of more than 99% was achieved for all detectors under test for selected runs. (Author)