Quadrupolar probes in solution

Specific mechanisms of relaxation encountered with quadrupolar nuclei are described: mains theoretical results (chemical shift and chemical exchange, quadrupolar splitting, relaxation rates, self-diffusion coefficient), and illustrative examples of applications: chemical exchange processes (inorganic and organometallic compounds, ion-molecule interaction, calciproteins, clay-liquid interface), molecular dynamic studies (water orientation, reorientation of calciproteins, counter-ion relaxation and diffusion studies in poly-electrolytes), NMR as a kinetic method with ion transport in membranes (signal separation in the presence of paramagnetic compounds, magnetization transfer and pulsed field gradient techniques, selection of the appropriate signal by NMR techniques). 5 fig., 2 tab., 145 ref