Radial electric field during dynamic processes in a tokamak and L-H transitions

Expressions for the radial electric field in tokamaks are derived with allowance for an additional contribution of the longitudinal electron viscosity (or the associated Ware drift). It is shown that, in transient processes during which the toroidal electric field at the plasma edge increases, the additional electric field can become rather strong. An increase in the shear of the poloidal plasma rotation can trigger the L-H transition. That the experimentally observed transitions to an improved confinement mode can be ascribed to this effect is illustrated by simulating discharges in the current ramp-up experiments in the Tuman-3M tokamak