Final report on development of species profiles for selected organic emission sources. Volume 2: Engine-exhaust emissions

The project involved the characterization of fugitive emissions from three source categories. Category 1 sources, discussed in volume 1, comprised emissions from California oil production facilities. Category 2 and 3 sources, discussed in this volume, included exhaust from utility and heavy-duty engines. The selection of 21 samples, based on estimates of engine populations in California, was described. The design and fabrication of a portable exhaust dilution system was discussed. Diluted exhaust from selected engines was sampled simultaneously for hydrocarbons and aldehydes. Diesel engines were additionally sampled for higher hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbon species were collected into evacuated stainless steel canisters. Aldehydes were absorbed into midget impingers containing DNPH/acetonitrile. High molecular weight hydrocarbons from diesel exhaust were adsorbed in sorbent tubes filled with XAD-2 resin. Hydrocarbons were speciated by gas chromatographic techniques, as with Category 1 sources. Analysis of DNPH-aldehyde derivatives was performed using high performance liquid chromatography. Extracts from the XAD-2 resin were analyzed by gas chromatography, using a mass selective detector