Climate and landscape perestroykas

Northern moss-lichen wood communities are becoming degraded progressively in many regions. That is why the question of their substitution to grass communities, ones less sensitive to mechanical and chemical loads, is widely discussed. The problem of landscape reorganization in Northeast Asia is interesting in this connection. Today, territories are over-moist and low productivity moss-lichen covers are distributed everywhere. But, a rich pasture ecosystem existed here in the Late Pleistocene. Many people relate the phenomenon of arid climate mammoth steppes and their destruction to replacement by humid conditions in the Holocene. But in Northeast Asia the climate is arid even now, since the radiation index of dryness is more than 1 and even reaches 3. In Lower Kolyma, grasses can evaporate 2-3 times annual rates of precipitation (4-6 times more than mosses and lichens evaporate). A mathematic model describing relations between various competitive plant communities depending on climate and activity of erosive-accumulative processes, pasture loads and CO2 concentration is proposed. It is shown that the influence of these factors is more significant than that of climate alone. Maps of northern hemisphere plants in the Pleistocene are calculated, as well as maps forecasting plant distributions arising from future climatic and CO2 changes. The possibilities of artificial regeneration of high-productivity pasture ecosystems are considered