Constrained variational calculations for finite nuclei

The technique of lowest-order constrained variational calculations used by the authors to study the bulk properties of homogeneous, quantal fluids is extended for use in discussing the ground-state properties of finite nuclei. The significance of various constraints in finite systems is discussed. It is shown that the saturating effects of explicit allowance for Nstar(1234) excitations is essential if the calculations are to yield sensible binding energies and RMS radii. Specific application is made to the light closed-shell nuclei 4He, 12C and 160. (author)