Review of the experiments for energetic particle physics on HL-2A

This paper reviews the energetic particle (EP) experiments during electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) and neutral beam injection in the HL-2A tokamak. A number of important results are summarized, which relate to ITER physics, including the behavior of the multi-mode instability, the nonlinear interaction between wave–wave and wave–particles, the losses of EP induced by the instabilities, the effect of the EP instabilities on the thermal plasma confinement and the control of the EP instabilities by means of ECRH. Systematic experiments indicate that when the drive is great enough, the nonlinear effects and the multi-mode coexistence may play an important role, which affect the transport both of the EPs and the background plasma confinement, and these instabilities could be controlled. Some new phenomena about the EP induced instabilities discovered recently on the device, such as high frequency reversed shear Alfvén eigenmodes, Alfvénic ion temperature gradient modes, the geodesic acoustic mode induced by energetic electrons excited by interaction between tearing mode and beta induced Alfvén eigenmode and double e-fishbone in negative magnetic shear discharges etc, have also been presented in the paper. (paper)