Classical Ground State Spin Ordering of the Antiferromagnetic J₁–J₂ Model

The classical frustrated antiferromagnetic J₁–J₂ model is considered in a description of the classical spin wave for a vector spin system. Its ground state (GS) spin ordering is analyzed by minimizing its energy. Our analytical derivations show that all the spins in the GS phase must lie in planes that are parallel to each other. When applying the derived formulations to concrete lattices such as the square and simple cubic lattices, we find that in the large J₂ region, a large continuous GS degeneracy concluded by a qualitative analysis is lifted, and collinear striped ordering is selected as the GS phase. (paper)