Application of CaCO₃, CaF₂, SiO₂, and TiO₂ particles to silicone lens for enhancing angular color uniformity of white LED lamp

In this study, we present an insightful investigation on optimal selection of scattering enhancement particles (SEP) to satisfy each specific optical property of white LEDs (WLEDs). The interested contenders include CaCO₃, CaF₂, SiO₂, and TiO₂, each of them is added with YAG:Ce phosphor compounding. The quality improvement on each considered property is demonstrated convincingly by applying Mie-scattering theory together with Monte Carlo simulation on a particular WLEDs which has the color temperature of 8500 K. It is observed by simulation results that TiO₂ particles provide the highest color uniformity among the SEP, as increasing TiO₂ concentration. These results of this work can serve as a practical guideline for manufacturing high-quality WLEDs. (paper)