Radiation-induced biochemical changes in blood and Urine : a Review

Accidental exposure to radiation induces various biochemical changes in the irradiated persons. Investigations have been conducted to find simple and sensitive biochemical indicators useful for an early diagnosis of radiation injury. Linear dose dependent increase in urinary excretion of metabolites such as deoxytidine, taurine, creatine/creatinine was observed with animal experiments. Exposure of the salivary gland induced increases in serum and urine amylase in man. Temporal increase in the several enzyme activities was also noticed. According to the report on the Chernobyl accident, a marked increase in amylase occurred shortly after irradiation. Biochemical studies revealed manifestation of malfunction of liver and kidney in later phase of the radiation insult. To data there is still no biochemical indicator available to evaluate precise absorbed doses. However, it must be emphasized that biochemical analyses are essential for diagnosis, treatment as well as prognosis of the patients of accident. Further investigations are needed to find better biochemical indicators utilizing recent knowledge and techniques of biochemistry. (author)