The application of non-analyte spiking to the average stopping power approach for the determination of fluorine by PIPPS

By using particle induced prompt photon spectrometry, PIPPS, the ratios of the average stopping powers in sample and standards can be used to determine elemental compositions. By spiking the sample with a known amount of a non-analyte (lithium) compound with known stopping power, appropriate stopping powers in the samples can be determined by measuring the prompt gamma-ray yields in the spike. Using accelerated protons of a few MeV, fluorine was determined in ivory and geological samples. The method was tested by analysing the standard reference materials SRM 91, 120c and 694. (orig.)