High-resolution study of the Kβ2 x-ray spectra of mid-Z atoms bombarded with 20-MeV/amu 12C ions

The Kβ2 x-ray spectra of zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, and palladium targets bombarded with 20.8-MeV/amu 12C ions were measured with a high-resolution transmission-type bent crystal spectrometer. Well resolved M1 and M2 satellite lines were observed. Average M-shell and 3s,p- and 3d-subshell ionization probabilities for nearly central collisions were deduced. These values are compared with theoretical predictions from the semiclassical approximation using hydrogenlike and Dirac-Hartree-Fock wave functions. The experimental energy shifts of the Kβ2 Mm=1,2 satellite lines are compared with values obtained from extensive multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock calculations