Early rectal adenocarcinoma

Rectal cancer is a disease considered a public health problem. The Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social de Costa Rica has made an economic and human effort to establish an adequate preventive process, after economic losses in the country and illness in patients of productive age. Professionals capable of capturing cases in the early stages of the disease are a necessity. The early stage rectal cancer described in the available scientific information was analyzed to describe diagnostic methods and treatments. The modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors, the diagnosis, the characteristics of the metastasis, the etiology, the staging and the treatments applied in rectal cancer were reviewed and analyzed in the available scientific information. A management guide for rectal cancer in Costa Rica should be made. A formal endoscopic screening system for health system patients must be implemented. Rectal cancer has been an increasingly common pathology in Costa Rica and can be explained by modifiable factors such as diet, smoking and obesity. The genetic sequence of rectal cancer development has been a complex and multifactorial process. Rectal tumor staging has been important for therapeutic decision-making. The best way to establish an adequate staging of rectal cancer has been by complementing endoscopic ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvis. Knowing the histological type of rectal cancer has been important in establishing risk factors and thus in making therapeutic decisions. Early rectal cancer can be treated with local resection using transanal minimally invasive surgery with similar results to conventional total excision of the mesorectum in well-selected cases. The total excision of the mesorectum has been the gold standard for the treatment of early rectal cancer, taking into account the acquired oncological results