Greenhouse gases and air pollutants monitoring project around Jakarta megacity

National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) has been implementing a joint monitoring project of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and air pollutants in Indonesia with Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), and Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical Agency (BMKG). To estimate the amount of anthropogenic emissions from Jakarta megacity (Jabodetabek) and compare with city activities, we developed a ground-based comprehensive monitoring system of GHGs and air pollutants and installed it at Bogor (center of Bogor city) in March 2016, Serpong (Jakarta suburb) in August 2016, and Cibeureum (mountainous area, background-like site) in March 2017. The monitoring system consists of data acquisition/control units and the instruments for continuous measurements of CO₂, CH₄, CO, NO_x, SO₂, O₃, aerosol concentrations (PM_2.5, PM₁₀, BC) and the chemical components, and meteorological parameters. Flask sampling of air is also done to analyze N₂O, SF₆, and carbon isotopes (¹³C, ¹⁴C) in CO₂ and to validate the continuous measurement data. The result shows that CO₂ mole fractions observed at three sites have clear diurnal variations representing the minimum values from 12 to 15 local time while the values at Bogor and Serpong are 6.8 and 7.1 ppm higher than Cibeureum, respectively. (paper)