A pyrene-benzthiazolium conjugate portraying aggregation induced emission, a ratiometric detection and live cell visualization of HSO₃⁻

The present study deals with the photophysical property of a pyrene-benzthiazolium conjugate R1, as a strong intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) probe exhibiting long wavelength emission in the red region. Unlike traditional planar polyaromatic hydrocarbons whose aggregation generally quenches the light emission, the pyrene based R1 was found to display aggregation-induced emission (AIE) property along with simultaneous increase in its quantum yield upon increasing the water content of the medium. The R1 exhibits high specificity towards HSO₃⁻/SO₃²⁻ by interrupting its own ICT producing there upon a large ratiometric blue shift of ∼220 nm in its emission spectrum. The lowest detection limit for the above measurement was found to be 8.90 × 10⁻⁸ M. The fluorescent detection of HSO₃⁻ was also demonstrated excellently by test paper strip and silica coated TLC plate incorporating R1. The live cell imaging of HSO₃⁻ through R1 in HeLa cells was studied using fluorescence microscopic studies. The particle size and morphological features of R1 and R1-HSO₃⁻ aggregates in aqueous solution were characterized by DLS along with SEM analysis.- Highlights: • A pyrene-benzthiazolium conjugate probe (R1) itself showed interesting phenomenon of an aggregation-induced emission (AIE). • R1 emits in the red channel and effectively utilized as a colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescent sensor for HSO₃⁻. • The nano-dimensional spherical particles of R1 got enlarged upon its interaction with the HSO₃⁻. • R1 can efficiently stain HSO₃⁻ in live cells and can be used for the on-spot detection of the same.