New constraints on dispersive form factor parameterizations from the timelike region

The authors generalize a recent model-independent form factor parameterization derived from rigorous dispersion relations to include constraints from data in the timelike region. These constraints dictate the convergence properties of the parameterization and appear as sum rules on the parameters. They further develop a new parameterization that takes into account finiteness and asymptotic conditions on the form factor, and use it to fit to the elastic π electromagnetic form factor. They find that the existing world sample of timelike data gives only loose bounds on the form factor in the spacelike region, but explain how the acquisition of additional timelike data or fits to other form factors are expected to give much better results. The same parameterization is seen to fit spacelike data extremely well