Organ doses and effective dose for five PET radiopharmaceuticals

Diagnostic investigations with positron-emitting radiopharmaceuticals are dominated by ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (¹⁸F-FDG), but other radiopharmaceuticals are also commercially available or under development. Five of them, which are all clinically important, are ¹⁸F-fluoride, ¹⁸F-fluoroethyl-tyrosine (¹⁸F-FET), ¹⁸F-deoxy-fluoro-thymidine (¹⁸F-FLT), ¹⁸F-fluoro-choline (¹⁸F-choline) and ¹¹C-raclopride. To estimate the potential risk of stochastic effects (mainly lethal cancer) to a population, organ doses and effective dose values were updated for all five radiopharmaceuticals. Dose calculations were performed using the computer program IDAC2.0, which bases its calculations on the ICRP/ICRU adult reference voxel phantoms and the tissue weighting factors from ICRP publication 103. The biokinetic models were taken from ICRP publication 128. For organ doses, there are substantial changes. The only significant change in effective dose compared with previous estimations was a 46 % reduction for ¹⁸F-fluoride. The estimated effective dose in mSv MBq^-1 was 1.5 E-02 for ¹⁸F-FET, 1.5 E-02 for ¹⁸F-FLT, 2.0 E-02 for ¹⁸F-choline, 9.0 E-03 for ¹⁸F-fluoride and 4.4 E-03 for ¹¹C-raclopride. (authors)