Production of Ca- through sequential charge exchange with Li vapor

The efficiencies for producing Ca- through sequential charge exchange between Ca+ projectiles and Li vapor have been measured for the first time. The measurements were made over a projectile energy range of 20 to 100 keV under experimental conditions commensurate with tandem accelerator applications. Production efficiencies in terms of negative ion charge state fractions versus projectile energy, Li vapor cell temperature and Li target density were determined for negative ion formation within a detection window α of +-11 mrad. Within this range of angular divergence, the efficiency for production is observed to be an increasing function of the projectile energy even at the highest energies used during the measurements (100 keV). The results of these measurements as well as a description of the experimental apparatus and techniques utilized are presented. 19 refs., 5 figs