Quadrupole Magnet Error Sensitivities for FODO-Cell and Triplet Lattices in the LCLS Undulator

The error sensitivities of quadrupole magnets in the LCLS FEL undulator are compared for a FODO-cell lattice and for a triplet lattice. The comparisons are made at a radiation wavelength of 1.5 (angstrom), where electron-to-photon phase errors are very sensitive to small trajectory variations in misaligned quadrupoles between the undulator sections. The results show that the triplet lattice is extremely sensitive, with triplet pitch and yaw alignment tolerances of ∼100 (micro)rad. The FODO-cell lattice, with its shorter, weaker quadrupoles is much more error tolerant with pitch and yaw tolerances of ∼2.5 mrad. Several other magnet errors are examined and categorized as trajectory, phase slip, and beam size effects. In nearly all cases, the FODO-cell lattice is much less sensitive with technologically achievable tolerance levels, while the triplet lattice tolerances are, in many cases, near achievable limits and may not be sustainable over the long term. Table 2 presents a brief tolerance comparison for the two lattice types