Determination of the dose to persons assisting when x-radiation is used in medicine, dentistry and veterinary medicine

During medical X-ray examinations of patients, humans as well as animals, voluntarily assisting persons are frequently needed in order to calm down the patient or animal. Typical exposure situations have been identified and measurements were performed in the fields of scattered X-rays. The personal dose equivalent Hp(10) for persons assisting knowingly and willingly in X-ray examinations in dentistry, and human and veterinary medicine was measured. The typical dose values, measured above the protective lead apron, are in the order of a few microsieverts. (authors)