Corrosion rate of unalloyed steels and cast irons in reducing granitic groundwaters and chloride solutions

Measurements of the corrosion rate of unalloyed steel have been made under conditions representative for repositories in the granitic bedrock of Northern Switzerland using two independent methods: (1) immersion tests in two representative groundwaters, with and without bentonite; (2) hydrogen evolution measurements in these groundwaters. The immersion tests were carried out at 800C and 1400C. In both cases the corrosion rate was higher than 50 μm/a as determined at the end of the first observation period of about 500 h. Corrosion rates of under 10 μm/a were estimated after the first 500 h. The corrosion rates were similar in both groundwaters with mineralizations of approx. 3 g/l and 14 g/l respectively, and were generally higher at 800C than at 1400C. The hydrogen evolution measurements allow an hourly determination of the corrosion rate, with a sensitivity expressed as a corrosion rate of better than 0.1 μm/a. The results generally confirm the observation made in the immersion testing; high corrosion rates were observed over the first few days but then decreased to values well below 10 μm/a. The steady state corrosion rates measured were 1.1 μm/a, 6.5 μm/a, and 2.5 μm/a at 250C, 500C, and 800C respectively in the water with the higher mineralization. The inverse temperature effect on corrosion rate above 500C is attributed to a change in the nature of the passive film at higher temperatures