Evolution of uranium isotope separation methods in France

This paper examines the various processes studied in France from the dual standpoint of evolution of their technical-economic performances and the proliferation risks involved. Estimates of investments, energy consumptions, and operating and maintenance expenses are compared. The gaseous diffusion process is used as a reference; centrifuging, aerodynamic processes, chemical exchange, photochemical excitation, and ionic processes are considered. It is concluded that, from the standpoint of dissemination, while chemical exchange can provide a satisfactory solution for countries desiring an independent nuclear fuel supply, centrifuging and laser processes pose serious problems