The role of JOYO and MONJU for FBR development in Japan

In 1956, the first long-term programme for nuclear energy development and utilization was initiated by the Atomic Energy Commission of Japan (AECJ). The fast breeder reactor was considered as a power reactor type which would eventually be deployed in Japan. Since then, studies have been made by the AECJ, by various universities, by the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI) and by electric utilities on the strategy for developing the FBR. In 1966, the AECJ issued the basic principles for developing advanced power reactors including the FBR. The Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation (PNC) was established in 1967. For the implementation of the FBR concept by the PNC, a basic plan was approved in 1968 by the Prime Minister of the Japanese Government, which included the following points: (1) A prototype FBR with 200-300 MW(e) should be critical around 1976. (2) An experimental FBR with about 100 MW(th) should be critical around 1972; the objectives would be the provision of technical information necessary for the prototype FBR and its utilization as an irradiation facility. (3) The project should be implemented under one responsible organization. (4) Many engineers from various sectors should work together in the organization. (5) A committee on power reactor development and committees of specialists should be organized so that comprehensive results could be obtained. (6) R and D should be contracted to domestic research organizations so that their experience could most effectively be utilized. Although there was a significant delay for both the JOYO and MONJU projects, JOYO is now operating successfully at full power and civil work for MONJU is under way at the construction site. The experience of the JOYO and MONJU projects has contributed very much to the fostering of the domestic capability of FBR development in terms of its institution, organization, technology, facilities and manpower. (author)