Ptychographic imaging for the characterization of X-ray free-electron laser beams

We present some preliminary results from a study aimed at the characterization of the wavefront of X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) beams in the same operation conditions as for single particle imaging (or flash X-ray imaging) experiments. The varying illumination produced by wavefront fluctuations between several pulses leads to a partially coherent average beam which can be decomposed into several coherent modes using ptychographic reconstruction algorithms. Such a decomposition can give insight into pulse-to-pulse variations of the wavefront. We discuss data collected at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) and FERMI. (paper)