How climate-friendly is LNG? Short study on the assessment of upstream chain emissions when using liquefied natural gas (LNG)

In this short study, a classification of GHG emissions along the process chain for the import of LNG is based on a literature study. Other environmental effects could not be considered. Different upstream chain emissions occur depending on the producing countries. For unconventional gas production, for example from the USA, the upstream chain emissions vary widely and are subject to high uncertainties. The overall emissions from LNG are generally lower than those from oil- and coal-based energy sources. Nevertheless, from a climate protection perspective, the use of pipeline-transported gas is currently preferable to LNG. From a climate policy perspective and under energy efficiency aspects, increased use of LNG, especially compared to gas transported by pipeline, cannot be justified. On the other hand, an expansion of the LNG infrastructure in the course of the energy transition can contribute to the diversification of the exporting countries, especially with regard to a future market for electricity-based renewable gases, improved security of supply, and more competition.