Subgaleal hematoma presenting as a manifestation of Factor XIII deficiency

Extracranial hematoma without significant head trauma is uncommon. We discuss a 9-year-old girl who presented with sudden head swelling, bilateral proptosis, extraocular muscle palsy, and progressive visual disturbance after hair braiding. The diagnosis of a large subgaleal hematoma with extension into the superior aspect of the orbits was made, requiring surgical drainage. Hematologic workup revealed an underlying Factor XIII deficiency. (orig.)