Hysteresis phenomenon in commensurate structures with an asymmetric deformable substrate potential

Hysteresis is studied in an asymmetric deformable substrate potential. When the upper atom chain is driven by an external force, the average velocity of the upper atom changes from zero to non-zero. The force at this point is defined as the maximum static friction force. When external driving forces continue to increase, at some value, the external driving force is reduced slowly. The average velocity of the upper atom changes from non-zero to zero, this critical force is defined as the maximum kinetic friction force. The static friction and kinetic friction force have been analyzed for the shape parameter. (paper)