Systematic gas gain measurements and Penning energy transfer rates in Ne−CO₂ mixtures

In Ne−CO₂ mixtures, excitation energy of Ne atom can be used to ionize CO₂ molecule by the mechanisms called Penning transfers. In the present work, we have measured the gas gain systematically in various Ne−CO₂ mixtures (Ne + 0.6−60%CO₂) at 0.4,0.8,1.2,1.8atm. The experimental data have been fitted to investigate the Penning energy transfer rates and the secondary processes playing a role in avalanche formations