Association of sICAM-1 in pregnancy related pre-eclampsia and chronic periodontitis

Objective: To investigate any association between periodontitis and preeclampsia in connection to sICAM-1 (ng/ml) levels in pregnant subjects in pregnancy and post-pregnancy phases. Methodology: A cross-sectional study on pregnant subjects aged between 18- 34 years, was conducted from June 2016 to February 2018 in Narowal District by using convenience sampling technique was performed. All subjects were first visited in their 2nd trimester for their blood sample and then in postpartum. From 73 subjects, 45% were with healthy periodontium (from which 6 were preeclamptic and 27 with no preeclamptic history) and 55%were with periodontitis (from which 6 were preeclamptic and 34 with no reeclamptic history). CPITN probing technique was used to examine periodontium and history of preeclampsia was confirmed by the concerned doctor and monthly check-up reports of the subject. Through centrifugation sera were taken and sandwich ELISA technique was used to estimate sICAM-1 in ng/ml. Microsoft Excel and Minitab were used as software system to analyze data. Results: A total of 73 subjects ware included In subjects with healthy periodontium and without preeclampsia, 28.44% higher sICAM-1 levels were found in postpartum than antepartum and 25% raised sICAM-1 (ng/ml) was observed in postpartum in subjects without preeclampsia but affected with periodontitis. While a rise of 26% in sICAM-1 was assessed again in postpartum phase, where subjects were with both disorders. In subjects without preeclampsia, elevated sICAM-1 levels were found in those that were with healthy periodontium in both antepartum and postpartum, while in preeclamptics excessively raised sICAM-1 was noticed in subjects with periodontitis in both phases. Conclusion: Pregnancy normally reduces sICAM-1 levels. Chronic periodontitis alone was not related to increased sICAM-1 levels, but in patients with preeclampsia, it showed many times raised levels of sICAM-1. (author)