Evaluation of early nodulation and Nitrogen fixation a number of Bradyrhizobium Japonicum strains to increase nitrogen fixation ability of soybean cultivars ars by using the A-value (N-15) method

To date significant contribution of atmospheric N fixation to soybean nutrition and growth, is approved. Nevertheless several studies have demonstrated that effectiveness of soybean -rhizobium symbiosis is medium compared with other legumes. The time course study of biological nitrogen fixation in soybean under field conditions has been shown that soybean has limited initial fixation and fixes substantially atmospheric nitrogen just during the reproductive periods (R1 until R 5).So there is the possibility of enhancing nitrogen fixation in soybean during vegetation growth. This could be done by improving inoculation methods or breeding for early nodulation. Hence, the present study was conducted to examine the effect of some Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains on early nodulation and biological nitrogen fixation three soybean cultivars by using a-value method. The experiment, was a factorial on randomized complete block design with three replications under proper glass house condition. Treatments were harvesting times(one , two and three weeks after flowering, respectively.)soybean cultivars(Chippewa, M 112 and clay )and Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains(J 1, J 3 and J 43). Ninety-plastic pots were filled with 1.5 kg of a compound of sand and soil(1:3). Rhizobial inoculation was performed by mixing 10 ml of a suspension(Yeast extract Manitol Broth) containing about 9X108 cells per ml to the soil of mixing pots were kept weed-free and watered with demineralized water as well as have received every two weeks 5 ml of a solution containing all the necessary nutrients except nitrogen. For measuring biological nitrogen fixation using a-value approach, two solutions of N-15 enriched ammonium sulfate containing 10.16 and %2 N-15 atom excess in amount of 5 and 25 mg N/Kg soil were mixed with soils in each pot containing fixing and reference plants, respectively. A non-nodulation isoline of soybean C v. M 129 for the all cultivars was used as a reference crop. First harvest was done 25 days after planting (one week after R1) nad several parameters such as dry matter for shoot, nodule and roots , number of nodules and proportion and amount of nitrogen derived from air (Ndfa% and N-fixed) were measured. The second and third harvests were performed afterwards. Analysis of variance for data was done by MSTAC package and the means were compared by Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results showed that although effects of rhizobial strain, harvesting time and soybean cultivar on nodulation are significantly different, but for nitrogen derived for air(Ndfa%), only two former treatments effects of interaction between treatments, effects of interaction between harvesting times rhizobial strains, also interaction between soybean cultivars and rhyzobial strains for %Ndfa as most reliable index for evaluation the biological nitrogen fixation were significantly different. In view of proportion and amount of nitrogen fixed , among the harvest times, third and second harvest as well as among the strains of rhizobia, J 43 and J 3 were significantly higher than others, respectively. According to results obtained form this study, it can be hopped to enhance biological nitrogen fixation in soybean through improvement inoculation by choosing early nodulating and N2 fixing rhizobial