Modulation of ultraviolet light-, ethyl methanesulfonate-, and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis by retinol and retinoic acid in the primary rat hepatocyte

The effects of retinol and retinoic acid on unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) in primary Sprague-Dawley rat hepatocytes were studied in the presence and absence of known chemical and physical mutagens. Neither retinol nor retinoic acid caused a significant increase in UDS over solvent control at concentrations ranging from 1 microM to 50 microM. Retinol and retinoic acid did not significantly affect 200 micrograms/mL ethyl methanesulfonate(EMS)- or 32 J/m2 ultraviolet light(UV)-induced UDS at concentrations ranging from 1 microM to 50 microM. In contrast, retinol and retinoic acid significantly inhibited 2.5 micrograms/mL and 5.0 micrograms/mL 7,12-dimethyl-benz[a]anthracene(DMBA)-induced UDS at concentrations of 1 microM or greater. Retinol- and retinoic acid-induced hepatocytotoxicity was studied in vitro using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release as an indicator of cytoxicity. Neither retinol nor retinoic acid caused significant increases in LDH release over solvent control 3 hours after treatment, whereas retinol caused a biologically significant increase in LDH release 24 hours posttreatment at concentrations of 50 microM and 100 microM. These data suggest that nontoxic concentrations of retinol and retinoic acid do not inhibit the DNA excision repair process but apparently affect the effective DNA adduct load due to the ultimate species of DMBA metabolite responsible for hepatocellular DNA damage