Direct- and indirect-driven reactor targets

Theoretical and numerical analyses are given for direct- and indirect-driven reactor targets, from which 3-GJ fusion output energy is released. For a reactor target, which has a large radius and long implosion time, supersonic flow of imploding D-T fuel in the converging nozzle (in sphere) is important for adiabatic compression of fuel. For a direct-driven target, pellet gain depends much upon the region where the beam deposits its energy. Phase mixing is also important to increase the absorption rate of irradiating laser light. When a strong light with a phase is concentrated on a small region of target surface, collective electron motion on the target surface radiates electromagnetic waves, which reduce the electron motion. When beam irradiation on the target is not uniform, an indirect-driven target must be used because a direct-driven target is weak for nonuniform irradiation. For an indirect-driven reactor target, which requires a long implosion time, expansion of radiator and absorber layers causes the decrease in radiation temperature. There is the optimum target structure with respect to the aspect ratio (radiation gap distance). (author)