Covalently functionalized graphene with organic semiconductors for energy and optoelectronic applications

Recently, the covalent functionalization of graphene with π -conjugated semiconductors has attracted a tremendous amount of research interest, as this approach offer excellent solutions with which to overcome the inherent drawbacks of graphene. For example, the chemical modification graphene with organic semiconductors can not only tailor the various features of graphene, including its bulk and surface properties, but also impart novel characteristics through closely linked interactions between two distinct constituents. Owing to their unique structure–property relationships and good versatility, hybrid materials composed of graphene and an organic semiconductor have been widely considered as promising candidates for emerging energy-related and optoelectronic applications. In addition, the great potential of this combination has been demonstrated in the form of enhanced performance when utilizing them in suitable devices with the additional advantages of good processability and operational stability. Herein, we summarize the recent progress in the covalent functionalization of graphene with organic π -conjugated materials. In addition, challenges and future perspectives in this emerging field are discussed. (topical review)