Temperature-reliable low-dimensional perovskites passivated black-phase CsPbI${}_3$ toward stable and efficient photovoltaics

Low-dimensional (LD) perovskites can effectively passivate and stabilize 3D perovskites for high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Regards CsPbI${}_3$-based PSCs, the influence of high-temperature annealing on the LD perovskite passivation effect has to be taken into account due to fact the black-phase CsPbI${}_3$ crystallization requires high-temperature treatment, however, which has been rarely concerned so far. Here, the thermal stability of LD perovskites based on three hydrophobic organic ammonium salts and their passivation effect toward CsPbI${}_3$ and the whole device performance, have been investigated. It is found that, phenyltrimethylammonium iodide (PTAI) and its corresponding LD perovskites exhibit excellent thermal stability. Further investigation reveals that PTAI-based LD perovskites are mainly distributed at grain boundaries, which not only enhances the phase stability of CsPbI${}_3$ but also effectively suppresses non-radiative recombination. As a consequence, the champion PSC device based on CsPbI${}_3$ exhibits a record efficiency of 21.0 % with high stability. (© 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH)