Dual role of tannic acid and pyrogallol incorporated in plaster of Paris: Morphology modification and release for antimicrobial properties

Highlights: • Plaster of Paris is blended with pyrogallol or Tannic acid. • The composite materials display antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. • The mechanical properties and the stability in water are not markedly affected. The design of bioactive plasters is of major interest for the amelioration of dental and bone cements. In this article, a one pot and environmentally friendly strategy based on the addition of a cheap polyphenol-tannic acid (TA) or the main phenolic constituent of TA, namely pyrogallol (PY)- able to interact with calcium sulfate is proposed. Tannic acid and pyrogallol not only modify the morphology of the obtained plaster+TA/PY composites but a part of it is released and provides strong-up to twenty fold- antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus. It is shown that the higher antibacterial efficiency of PY is related to a greater release compared to TA even if in solution the antibacterial effect of PY is lower than that of TA when reported on the basis of the molar concentration in PY units.