Reduced directional coupler through the use of artificial cells

This paper presents the topology of the directional coupler that carries out the power division of 1 to 3. The area of the proposed device was reduced by 72.5% due to the use of artificial cells, whose characteristics are equivalent to quarter-wave segments, with smaller dimensions. Using the NI-AWR Environment 14 program, the topology of the proposed device was developed, with an operating frequency of 1 GHz and on the FR-4 material. Then, using a photolithography, a prototype of the coupler was made and its characteristics were measured using a R&S vector network analyser. (paper)