Design and operation of water-cooled pyrolytic graphite targets at LAMPF

Design considerations and actual operating experience are reported for water-cooled pyrolytic graphite targets at LAMPF. Emphasis is placed on the use of finite element computer calculations to determine target temperatures and stresses, which can then be evaluated to judge the usefulness of a particular design. Consideration is also given to the swelling of the target following irradiation, and to the measures taken to prolong target lifetime. (orig.)