Self-assembled hierarchical graphene/polyaniline hybrid aerogels for electrochemical capacitive energy storage

In this work, polyaniline nanowires (PANI-NWs) act as spacers, incorporated with graphene oxide and self-assembled into graphene/PANI hybrid aerogels through a facile hydrothermal route. The as-synthesized samples have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle measurement, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for their microstructure, morphology and relative affinities toward water. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements have been used to study the effects of composition, microstructure and morphology of the samples on their capacitive performance. The experimental results indicate that the PANI can effectively tailor the microstructures and electrochemical performances of the products. The as-prepared materials with an appropriate proportion of PANI nanowires can efficiently prevent the adjacent graphene sheets from aggregation and provide fast ionic channels for electrochemical energy storage. A specific capacitance of 520.3 F g⁻¹ has been achieved from graphene/PANI hybrid aerogel, which also exhibits excellent cycling stability