Bioacoustic application on fisheries management in an artificial reefs' ecological reserve of Bohai Gulf China

Various techniques have been used in marine fishery resources assessment. Among those, acoustic techniques have high efficiency and wide adaptability, and are environment friendly. Therefore, acoustic techniques played a key/indispensable role in the field of ecosystem-based fishery management. Acoustic surveys were conducted during the wet (May) and dry (November) seasons in 2016 in the artificial reefs ecological reserve of Bohai Gulf and a nearby control region to understand the current situation of fishery resources and explore the effectiveness of underwater artificial constructions by a dual-frequency identification sonar (DIDSON) and a scientific split-beam echosounder (120 KHz, Simrad EY60). Fish densities in various seasons and regions showed significant differences and interaction, with a maximum value of 358020.34 ind/n.mile² in the artificial reefs' region and a minimum value of 71898.35 ind/n.mile² in the control region during the wet season. Fish densities in defined parallel transects revealed a roughly southward migration trend of small-size individuals from wet season to dry season. Single echo detections in the artificial reefs region demonstrated a wider target strength (TS) range (− 60 ~ − 30 dB vs − 60 ~ − 51 dB) and higher mean TS values (− 55.87 dB vs − 58.31 dB) than the control region both in the wet and dry seasons, which indicated a more complicated and stable fish community structure in the artificial reefs area. The vertical distribution of single echo detections tracked by the echoview post-processing system showed an apparent downward gathering effect. A positive correlation between TS and water depth was discovered from Pearson correlation analysis in the artificial reefs region during the dry season.