Deoxidation and alloying of an oxygen-converter steel with solid and liquid ferro-alloys

Different means for reduction and alloying in a 130 tons laddle have been studied for 16GS, 35GS, 40Kh, 06G2NAB, 12G2ABF, 16G2SAF and 30KhGSA steels smelting in oxygen-blown converters. The first three steels have been reduced and alloyed by solid ferro-alloys, and the other ones by liquid ligatures molten in a 6 tons induction furnace. The losses of alloying elements in both cases are practically the same. Distribution of alloying elements along the laddle height and during teeming is considered. To make the distribution more even it is sometimes necessary to use argon blowing. The inclusions forming in the steels are described, and changes in the oxygen content at various stages of smelting are estimated