An efficient deterministic method for generating non-negative scattering cross-sections

In the conventional discrete ordinates approach, the scattering source is approximated as a truncated Legendre series. In case of highly anisotropic scattering problems (e.g., incident beam problems), the truncated Legendre scattering cross-sections give unphysical negative cross-sections in some values of μ (cosine of scattering angle). These unphysical artifacts cause negative scattering sources and negative angular fluxes. In addition to that, negative angular fluxes may cause wrong scalar flux as well. A new method to generate non-negative scattering cross-sections, which is very efficient and deterministic, is proposed in this paper. The main idea of this method is to make non-negative scattering cross-sections that produce equivalent scattering sources. This method does not have a practical limitation to generate non-negative scattering cross-sections because the calculations of the scattering sources are performed with the conventional truncated cross-section data provided from the standard processing codes. In the both neutron and the photon/electron coupled cases, an inadequate truncated Legendre order causes problems, e.g., inaccurate angular distribution of scattering for low order, oscillations of differential scattering cross-sections where cross-sections are small for high order expansions, and negative differential scattering cross-sections in some values of μ. In the neutron case, if the anisotropy is very high compared to the truncated Legendre order, inaccurate angular distributions of scattering occur especially in within-group scattering. Even if the truncated Legendre order is quite high to represent angular distribution of scattering in the photon/electron coupled case, it still causes oscillations where the cross-sections are small. The method in this paper achieves both an accurate angular distribution of scattering and non-negative scattering cross-sections for neutron and photon/electron coupled cases. The generated non-negative scattering cross-sections with the new method are compared to the conventional scattering cross-sections and tested in the transport calculations. The numerical results tested in the transport calculation give accurate results without unphysical negative angular fluxes