Investigation of heat transfer characteristics in MHD hybrid nano fluids with variable viscosity and thermal radiations

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of heat transfer and flow dynamics in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) hybrid nano fluids. The investigation focuses on aluminum-silver, aluminum-copper, and silver-copper hybrid nano fluids, examining key factors such as variable viscosity and physiochemical properties under the influence of magnetic field. Moreover the impacts of thermal radiations and heat sink/source are also considered in the flow domain. Employing Marangoni boundary conditions, the governing equations were solved using the 4th-order Runge-Kutta method combined with a shooting technique. The results reveal the significant impact of magnetic and thermal parameters on temperature gradients and velocity fields. Specifically, localized temperature increases at the boundary layer enhance thermal efficiency by 2.65% under magnetic field intensity, 19.06% with radiation, and decrease by 10.62% with variations in Prandtl number. These findings underscore the substantial potential of hybrid nano fluids in optimizing heat transfer performance, particularly in energy systems