The role of inhibitors on the repassivation of pitting corrosion of carbon steel in synthetic carbonated concrete pore solution

Highlights: → Nitrite and enamine accelerate the rehabilitation of metastable pits on carbon steel. → Donor density in passive film calculated from M-S plots is underestimated for enamine. → AFM imaging can detect the in situ growing metastable pits on steel surface. → Enamine adsorbed layer can reduce the resolution of AFM imaging to growing pits. - Abstract: The semiconductive properties and pitting susceptibility of passive films formed on carbon steel in synthetic carbonated concrete pore solution containing Cl- ions were studied by Mott-Schottky (M-S) plots and electrochemical noise (EN). The results show that both nitrite and tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) can reduce the donor density in passive film, leading to a more positive film breakdown potential. Moreover, nitrite can rehabilitate metastable pits and passivate the broken passive film more quickly than TEPA. Polarization curves also show that nitrite can increase the pitting potential more than TEPA at same concentration. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging shows that Cl- ions could induce large metastable pits on passive film, but the size of pits decreases and the density of pits increases with addition of nitrite. However, AFM imaging fails to detect the metastable pits under TEPA adsorbed film in spite of a smooth-like image on the steel surface is observed. The force curves of AFM indicate a stiffness (elasticity) order of films: nitrite oxidation film > original passive film > enamine adsorbed film.