Energies-climate overview - 2015 edition

This issue first analyses what is at stake with energy transition: the energy transition law and its accompanying measures, France's energy and climate key data, fight against climate change, energy demand control and promotion of energy efficiency, struggle against energy poverty, development of technologies for tomorrow's energy system, development of low-emission vehicles. It discusses France's position within its European and international environment: European energy-climate objectives, world context of oil and gas markets and the security of supplies, European electricity markets, imports and exports, energy bill, European and world carbon markets. It presents and analyses the situation of the oil and gas sector in France: hydrocarbon exploration and production in France, refining activities, oil infrastructures and strategic oil stocks, gas infrastructures. It then presents the French electric system (electricity production and load shedding, power distribution grids and networks, security warranty of the electric power system, increase of energy systems flexibility) and the industrial sectors involved in de-carbonated energy production: biomass energy, fuel substitutes, wind energy, solar energy, renewable marine energies, geothermal energy, hydroelectricity, nuclear energy, carbon capture, sequestration and valorisation, renewable production support systems. It addresses the retail markets and the energy taxation: oil product prices and distribution, gas commercialisation, electricity commercialisation, energy taxes.