Memoir of the first investigations on nuclear power and nuclear structure in 1932

The author is a participant of the present Conference of 1982 and recalls on the first investigations in the field of nuclear fission and nuclear structure and further creation of powerful nuclear power engineering in the USSR. The author considerers the history of nuclear physics and nuclear power development in the USSR to begin from the decision of establishing a ''special groUp on nucleus'' in 1932 heated by the academician A.F. Ioffe in the Leningrad FTI. The discoveries that predetermined the mankind's possession of atomic energy are listed. Investigation performed during the recent 50 years in the Kharkov and Leningrad FTIs and also in the Radium Institute are estimated retrospectively