Initial approach to head trauma in the adult patient in the Emergency Service

A review of the updated criteria was carried out for the approach to cranioencephalic trauma in the adult patient treated in the emergency service. An algorithm was developed to approach and manage patients with mild head trauma in the Emergency Service of Hospital Mexico, according to the Glasgow Coma Scale. Head trauma was investigated using updated medical criteria, due to its importance as it is a critical problem of Public health and socioeconomic status worldwide Patients suffering mild, moderate or severe head trauma have undergone risk stratification by means of a computerized tomography for its subsequent approach, management and adequate treatment to reduce mortality and disabling complications. The concepts of: brain physiology, cerebral blood flow, metabolic rate, and cerebral perfusion pressure were reviewed in order to evaluate the functioning and to provide the management and treatment of craniocephalic trauma. Primary and secondary injuries such as: epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma, parenchymal lesions f Local and diffuse, among others, were analyzed with advanced imaging techniques such as computerized axial tomography of the skull, since they affect the survival of the patient. The approach was explained by means of protocols to manage cranio cephalic trauma with their respective treatments as therapies: sedation, analgesia, osmotherapy, hyperventilation, surgical decompression, among others. Trauma has been concluded as a very frequent pathology, which has caused greater morbidity and mortality worldwide and nationally, and has generated economic losses due to subsequent disability. The early approach to cranio encephalic trauma has been vital and has directly affected the survival of the patient. The clarity in the pathophysiology of head trauma has achieved better results in the treatment of secondary injuries